• 蘭州大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院，甘肅省消化系腫瘤重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（蘭州 730030）;

內(nèi)鏡技術(shù)的問世是醫(yī)學(xué)史上的一次革命，是21世紀(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)的重要進(jìn)展之一。目前,內(nèi)鏡技術(shù)在肝膽胰外科領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，有力地促進(jìn)了肝膽胰外科的發(fā)展，肝膽胰內(nèi)鏡技術(shù)已成為微創(chuàng)外科重要的組成部分。。。。。。

引用本文： 李玉民. 內(nèi)鏡在肝膽胰外科中的應(yīng)用. 中國普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2010, 17(10): 997-1000. doi: 復(fù)制

1. 　Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2008; 58(2): 71-96.
2. 　Beachy PA, Karhadkar SS, Berman DM. Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis [J]. Nature, 2004; 432(7015): 324-331.
3. 　Bailey JM, Singh PK, Hollingsworth MA. Cancer metastasis facilitated by developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog, Notch, and bone morphogenic proteins [J]. J Cell Biochem, 2007; 102(4): 829-839.
4. 　Wilson A, Radtke F. Multiple functions of Notch signaling in self-renewing organs and cancer [J]. FEBS Lett, 2006; 580(12): 2860-2868.
5. 　Habbe N, Shi G, Meguid RA, et al. Spontaneous induction of murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN) by acinar cell targeting of oncogenic Kras in adult mice [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008; 105(48): 18913-18918.
6. 　Zhu L, Shi G, Schmidt CM, et al. Acinar cells contribute to the molecular heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. Am J Pathol, 2007; 171(1): 263-273.
7. 　Mullendore ME, Koorstra JB, Li YM, et al. Ligand-dependent Notch signaling is involved in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance in pancreatic cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2009; 15(7): 2291-2301.
8. 　Morgan TH. The theory of the gene [J]. Am Nat, 1917; LI(609): 513-544.
9. 　Borggrefe T, Oswald F. The Notch signaling pathway: transcriptional regulation at Notch target genes [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2009; 66(10): 1631-1646.
10. 　Gordon WR, Arnett KL, Blacklow SC. The molecular logic of Notch signaling-a structural and biochemical perspective [J]. J Cell Sci, 2008; 121(Pt 19): 3109-3119.
11. 　Kolev V, Kacer D, Trifonova R, et al. The intracellular domain of Notch ligand Delta1 induces cell growth arrest [J]. FEBS Lett, 2005; 579(25): 5798-5802.
12. 　Lewis J, Hanisch A, Holder M. Notch signaling, the segmentation clock, and the patterning of vertebrate somites [J]. J Biol, 2009; 8(4): 44-50.
13. 　Blaumueller CM, Qi H, Zagouras P, et al. Intracellular cleavage of Notch leads to a heterodimeric receptor on the plasma membrane [J]. Cell, 1997; 90(2): 281-291.
14. 　Edbauer D, Winkler E, Regula JT, et al. Reconstitution of gamma-secretase activity [J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2003; 5(5): 486-488.
15. 　Matsuno K, Eastman D, Mitsiades T, et al. Human deltex is a conserved regulator of Notch signalling [J]. Nat Genet, 1998; 19(1): 74-78.
16. 　Yamamoto N, Yamamoto S, Inagaki F, et al. Role of Deltex-1 as a transcriptional regulator downstream of the Notch receptor [J]. J Biol Chem, 2001; 276(48): 45031-45040.
17. 　Hori K, Fostier M, Ito M, et al. Drosophila deltex mediates suppressor of Hairless-independent and late-endosomal activation of Notch signaling [J]. Development, 2004; 131(22): 5527-5537.
18. 　Kiaris H, Politi K, Grimm LM, et al. Modulation of notch signaling elicits signature tumors and inhibits hras1-induced oncogenesis in the mouse mammary epithelium [J]. Am J Pathol, 2004; 165(2): 695-705.
19. 　Liu WH, Lai MZ. Deltex regulates T-cell activation by targeted degradation of active MEKK1 [J]. Mol Cell Biol, 2005; 25(4): 1367-1378.
20. 　Sade H, Krishna S, Sarin A. The anti-apoptotic effect of Notch-1 requires p56lck-dependent, Akt/PKB-mediated signaling in T cells [J]. J Biol Chem, 2004; 279(4): 2937-2944.
21. 　Edlund H. Pancreatic organogenesis－developmental mechanisms and implications for therapy [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2002; 3(7): 524-532.
22. 　Murtaugh LC. Pancreas and beta-cell development: from the actual to the possible [J]. Development, 2007; 134(3): 427-438.
23. 　Lammert E, Brown J, Melton DA. Notch gene expression during pancreatic organogenesis [J]. Mech Dev, 2000; 94(1-2): 199-203.
24. 　Jensen JN, Cameron E, Garay MV, et al. Recapitulation of elements of embryonic development in adult mouse pancreatic regeneration [J]. Gastroenterology, 2005; 128(3): 728-741.
25. 　Fujikura J, Hosoda K, Iwakura H, et al. Notch/Rbp-j signaling prevents premature endocrine and ductal cell differentiation in the pancreas [J]. Cell Metab, 2006; 3(1): 59-65.
26. 　Nakhai H, Siveke JT, Klein B, et al. Conditional ablation of Notch signaling in pancreatic development [J]. Development, 2008; 135(16): 2757-2765.
27. 　Murtaugh LC, Stanger BZ, Kwan KM, et al. Notch signaling controls multiple steps of pancreatic differentiation [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003; 100(25): 14920-14925.
28. 　Hald J, Hjorth JP, German MS, et al. Activated Notch1 prevents differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells and attenuate endocrine development [J]. Dev Biol, 2003; 260(2): 426-437.
29. 　Siveke JT, Lubeseder-Martellato C, Lee M, et al. Notch signaling is required for exocrine regeneration after acute pancreatitis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2008; 134(2): 544-555.
30. 　Pasca di Magliano M, Sekine S, Ermilov A, et al. Hedgehog/Ras interactions regulate early stages of pancreatic cancer [J]. Genes Dev, 2006; 20(22): 3161-3173.
31. 　Strobel O, Dor Y, Alsina J, et al. In vivo lineage tracing defines the role of acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation in inflammatory ductal metaplasia [J]. Gastroenterology, 2007; 133(6): 1999-2009.
32. 　Bhanot U, Khntop R, Hasel C, et al. Evidence of Notch pathway activation in the ectatic ducts of chronic pancreatitis [J]. J Pathol, 2008; 214(3): 312-319.
33. 　Miyamoto Y, Maitra A, Ghosh B, et al. Notch mediates TGF alpha-induced changes in epithelial differentiation during pancreatic tumorigenesis [J]. Cancer Cell, 2003; 3(6): 565-576.
34. 　Büchler P, Gazdhar A, Schubert M, et al. The Notch signaling pathway is related to neurovascular progression of pancreatic cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 242(6): 791-800.
35. 　De La O JP, Emerson LL, Goodman JL, et al. Notch and Kras reprogram pancreatic acinar cells to ductal intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008; 105(48): 18907-18912.
36. 　Sawey ET, Johnson JA, Crawford HC. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 controls pancreatic acinar cell transdifferentiation by activating the Notch signaling pathway [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007; 104(49): 19327-19332.
37. 　Guerra C, Schuhmacher AJ, Caamero M, et al. Chronic pancreatitis is essential for induction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by K-Ras oncogenes in adult mice [J]. Cancer Cell, 2007; 11(3): 291-302.
38. 　梁珊, 楊竹林. 慢性胰腺炎與胰腺癌相互關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展 [J]. 肝膽胰外科雜志, 2006; 18(3): 197-198, 201.
39. 　Plentz R, Park JS, Rhim AD, et al. Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity inhibits tumor progression in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [J]. Gastroenterology, 2009; 136(5): 1741-1749.
  1. 1. 　Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2008; 58(2): 71-96.
  2. 2. 　Beachy PA, Karhadkar SS, Berman DM. Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis [J]. Nature, 2004; 432(7015): 324-331.
  3. 3. 　Bailey JM, Singh PK, Hollingsworth MA. Cancer metastasis facilitated by developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog, Notch, and bone morphogenic proteins [J]. J Cell Biochem, 2007; 102(4): 829-839.
  4. 4. 　Wilson A, Radtke F. Multiple functions of Notch signaling in self-renewing organs and cancer [J]. FEBS Lett, 2006; 580(12): 2860-2868.
  5. 5. 　Habbe N, Shi G, Meguid RA, et al. Spontaneous induction of murine pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN) by acinar cell targeting of oncogenic Kras in adult mice [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008; 105(48): 18913-18918.
  6. 6. 　Zhu L, Shi G, Schmidt CM, et al. Acinar cells contribute to the molecular heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. Am J Pathol, 2007; 171(1): 263-273.
  7. 7. 　Mullendore ME, Koorstra JB, Li YM, et al. Ligand-dependent Notch signaling is involved in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance in pancreatic cancer [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2009; 15(7): 2291-2301.
  8. 8. 　Morgan TH. The theory of the gene [J]. Am Nat, 1917; LI(609): 513-544.
  9. 9. 　Borggrefe T, Oswald F. The Notch signaling pathway: transcriptional regulation at Notch target genes [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2009; 66(10): 1631-1646.
  10. 10. 　Gordon WR, Arnett KL, Blacklow SC. The molecular logic of Notch signaling-a structural and biochemical perspective [J]. J Cell Sci, 2008; 121(Pt 19): 3109-3119.
  11. 11. 　Kolev V, Kacer D, Trifonova R, et al. The intracellular domain of Notch ligand Delta1 induces cell growth arrest [J]. FEBS Lett, 2005; 579(25): 5798-5802.
  12. 12. 　Lewis J, Hanisch A, Holder M. Notch signaling, the segmentation clock, and the patterning of vertebrate somites [J]. J Biol, 2009; 8(4): 44-50.
  13. 13. 　Blaumueller CM, Qi H, Zagouras P, et al. Intracellular cleavage of Notch leads to a heterodimeric receptor on the plasma membrane [J]. Cell, 1997; 90(2): 281-291.
  14. 14. 　Edbauer D, Winkler E, Regula JT, et al. Reconstitution of gamma-secretase activity [J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2003; 5(5): 486-488.
  15. 15. 　Matsuno K, Eastman D, Mitsiades T, et al. Human deltex is a conserved regulator of Notch signalling [J]. Nat Genet, 1998; 19(1): 74-78.
  16. 16. 　Yamamoto N, Yamamoto S, Inagaki F, et al. Role of Deltex-1 as a transcriptional regulator downstream of the Notch receptor [J]. J Biol Chem, 2001; 276(48): 45031-45040.
  17. 17. 　Hori K, Fostier M, Ito M, et al. Drosophila deltex mediates suppressor of Hairless-independent and late-endosomal activation of Notch signaling [J]. Development, 2004; 131(22): 5527-5537.
  18. 18. 　Kiaris H, Politi K, Grimm LM, et al. Modulation of notch signaling elicits signature tumors and inhibits hras1-induced oncogenesis in the mouse mammary epithelium [J]. Am J Pathol, 2004; 165(2): 695-705.
  19. 19. 　Liu WH, Lai MZ. Deltex regulates T-cell activation by targeted degradation of active MEKK1 [J]. Mol Cell Biol, 2005; 25(4): 1367-1378.
  20. 20. 　Sade H, Krishna S, Sarin A. The anti-apoptotic effect of Notch-1 requires p56lck-dependent, Akt/PKB-mediated signaling in T cells [J]. J Biol Chem, 2004; 279(4): 2937-2944.
  21. 21. 　Edlund H. Pancreatic organogenesis－developmental mechanisms and implications for therapy [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2002; 3(7): 524-532.
  22. 22. 　Murtaugh LC. Pancreas and beta-cell development: from the actual to the possible [J]. Development, 2007; 134(3): 427-438.
  23. 23. 　Lammert E, Brown J, Melton DA. Notch gene expression during pancreatic organogenesis [J]. Mech Dev, 2000; 94(1-2): 199-203.
  24. 24. 　Jensen JN, Cameron E, Garay MV, et al. Recapitulation of elements of embryonic development in adult mouse pancreatic regeneration [J]. Gastroenterology, 2005; 128(3): 728-741.
  25. 25. 　Fujikura J, Hosoda K, Iwakura H, et al. Notch/Rbp-j signaling prevents premature endocrine and ductal cell differentiation in the pancreas [J]. Cell Metab, 2006; 3(1): 59-65.
  26. 26. 　Nakhai H, Siveke JT, Klein B, et al. Conditional ablation of Notch signaling in pancreatic development [J]. Development, 2008; 135(16): 2757-2765.
  27. 27. 　Murtaugh LC, Stanger BZ, Kwan KM, et al. Notch signaling controls multiple steps of pancreatic differentiation [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003; 100(25): 14920-14925.
  28. 28. 　Hald J, Hjorth JP, German MS, et al. Activated Notch1 prevents differentiation of pancreatic acinar cells and attenuate endocrine development [J]. Dev Biol, 2003; 260(2): 426-437.
  29. 29. 　Siveke JT, Lubeseder-Martellato C, Lee M, et al. Notch signaling is required for exocrine regeneration after acute pancreatitis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2008; 134(2): 544-555.
  30. 30. 　Pasca di Magliano M, Sekine S, Ermilov A, et al. Hedgehog/Ras interactions regulate early stages of pancreatic cancer [J]. Genes Dev, 2006; 20(22): 3161-3173.
  31. 31. 　Strobel O, Dor Y, Alsina J, et al. In vivo lineage tracing defines the role of acinar-to-ductal transdifferentiation in inflammatory ductal metaplasia [J]. Gastroenterology, 2007; 133(6): 1999-2009.
  32. 32. 　Bhanot U, Khntop R, Hasel C, et al. Evidence of Notch pathway activation in the ectatic ducts of chronic pancreatitis [J]. J Pathol, 2008; 214(3): 312-319.
  33. 33. 　Miyamoto Y, Maitra A, Ghosh B, et al. Notch mediates TGF alpha-induced changes in epithelial differentiation during pancreatic tumorigenesis [J]. Cancer Cell, 2003; 3(6): 565-576.
  34. 34. 　Büchler P, Gazdhar A, Schubert M, et al. The Notch signaling pathway is related to neurovascular progression of pancreatic cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 242(6): 791-800.
  35. 35. 　De La O JP, Emerson LL, Goodman JL, et al. Notch and Kras reprogram pancreatic acinar cells to ductal intraepithelial neoplasia [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008; 105(48): 18907-18912.
  36. 36. 　Sawey ET, Johnson JA, Crawford HC. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 controls pancreatic acinar cell transdifferentiation by activating the Notch signaling pathway [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007; 104(49): 19327-19332.
  37. 37. 　Guerra C, Schuhmacher AJ, Caamero M, et al. Chronic pancreatitis is essential for induction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by K-Ras oncogenes in adult mice [J]. Cancer Cell, 2007; 11(3): 291-302.
  38. 38. 　梁珊, 楊竹林. 慢性胰腺炎與胰腺癌相互關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展 [J]. 肝膽胰外科雜志, 2006; 18(3): 197-198, 201.
  39. 39. 　Plentz R, Park JS, Rhim AD, et al. Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity inhibits tumor progression in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [J]. Gastroenterology, 2009; 136(5): 1741-1749.