• 四川大學華西醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科（成都，610041）;

煙霧病是好發(fā)于亞洲，特別是東亞地區(qū)的一類血管疾病，隨著半個世紀對該病的不斷更新認識，使得該病取得了令人振奮的進展，同時它仍在流行病學、發(fā)病機制、預防再岀血和治療上存在許多爭議，在此通過對國內外該病的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展進行闡述，以更新對該病的認識，為最終更好診斷、治療該病作鋪墊。

引用本文： 譙飛,游潮,李浩,劉文科. 煙霧病的現(xiàn)狀和最新認識. 華西醫(yī)學, 2012, 27(3): 463-465. doi: 復制

1. 　Komiyama M. Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive arteriopathy of the primitive carotid artery[J]. Intervent Neuroradiol, 2003, 9(1): 39-45.
2. 　Kudo T, Takayama R, Mikawakuchi K. Occlusion of internal carotid artery [J]. No To Shinkei, 1957, 9: 757.
3. 　Takeuchi K, Shimizu K. Hypogenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries[J]. No To Shinkei,1957, 9: 37-43.
4. 　Suzuki J, Takaku A. Cerebrovascular“Moyamoya” disease:disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain[J]. Arch Neurol, 1969, 20(3): 288-299.
5. 　Baba T, Houkin K, Kuroda S. Novel epidemiological features of moyamoya disease[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 2008, 79(8): 900-904.
6. 　Takahashi C, Miyamoto S. Moyamoya disease: recent progress and outlook[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2010, 50(9): 824-832.
7. 　Uchino K,Johnston SC,Becker Kj,Tirschwell DL:Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California[J]. Neurology, 2005, 65(6): 956-958.
8. 　Hosoda Y. A pathological study of so-called “spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis” cerebrovascular moyamoya disease” [J]. Folia Angiol, 1976, 14: 85-86.
9. 　Takekawa Y, Umezawa T, Ueno Y, et al. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings of autopsy case of adult moyamoya disease[J]. Neuropathology, 2004, 24(3): 236-242.
10. 　David G, Weinberg M. Rudy J, et al. Moyamoya disease: a review of histopathology, biochemistry, and genetics[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2011, 30(6): 20.
11. 　Fukui M. Current state of study on moyamoya disease in Japan[J]. Surg Neurol, 1997, 47(2): 138-143.
12. 　Kuroda S, Houkin K. Moyamoya disease: current concepts and future perspectives[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7(11): 1056-1066.
13. 　Starke RM, Komotar RJ, Hickman ZL, et al. Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical article[J]. J Neurosurg, 2009, 111(5): 936-942.
14. 　Saeki N, Nakazaki S, Kubota M, et al. Hemorrhagic type moyamoya disease[J]. Clinical Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2): 196-201.
15. 　David G, Weinberg BS, Rudy J, et al. Moyamoya disease: functional and neurocognitive outcomes in the pediatric and adult populations[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2011, 30 (6): 21.
16. 　Fukui M. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (‘moyamoya’disease). Research Committee on Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis (Moyamoya Disease) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2)：238-240.
17. 　Hallemeier CL, Rich KM, Grubb RL Jr, et al. Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37: 1490-1496.
18. 　Patel NN, Mangano FT, Klimo P. Indirect revascularization techniques for treating moyamoya disease[J]. Neurosurg Clin North Am, 2010, 21(3)： 553-563.
19. 　Chiu D, Shedden P, Bratina P, et al. Clinical features of moyamoya disease in the United States[J]. Stroke, 1998, 29: 1347-1351.
20. 　Ueki K, Meyer FB, Mellinger JF. Moyamoya disease: the disorder and surgical treatment[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 1994, 69(8): 749-757.
21. 　Robert M. Starke BA, Ricardo J, et al. Optimal surgical treatment for moyamoya disease in adult: direct versus indirect bypass[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 26(4): 8.
22. 　Karasawa J, Kikuchi H, Furuse S, et al. A surgical treatment of “moyamoya” disease “encephalo-myosynangiosis” [J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 1977, 17: 29-37.
23. 　Matsushima Y, Fukai N, Tanaka K, et al. A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report[J]. Surg Neurol, 1981, 15(4): 313-320.
24. 　Scott RM, Smith JL, Robertson RL, et al. Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis[J]. J Neurosurg, 2004, 100（2）: 142-149.
25. 　Nakashima H, Meguro T, Kawada S, et al. Long-term results of surgically treated moyamoya disease[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2): 153-158.
26. 　Gotoh S. Proceedings of the research committee on spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis[M]. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1983: 66-74.
27. 　Kobayashi E, Saeki N, Oishi H, et al. Long-term natural history of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease in 42 patients[J].J Neurosurg, 2000, 93: 976-980.
28. 　Houkin K, Kamiyama H, Abe H, et al. Surgical therapy for adult moyamoya disease. Can surgical revascularization prevent the recurrence of intracranial hemorrhage? [J]. Stroke, 1996, 27: 1342-1346.
29. 　Miyamoto S, Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial Group. Study design for a prospective randomized trial of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for adults with moyamoya disease and hemorrhagic onset-the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial Group[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2004, 44: 218-219.
30. 　Imaizumi T, Hayashi K, Saito K, et al. Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood[J]. Pediatr Neurol, 1998, 18(4): 321-325.
31. 　Komiyama M, Yasui,T, Kitano S, et al. Moyamoya disease and pregnancy: case report and review of the literature[J]. Neurosurgery, 1998, 43(2): 360-368.
32. 　Takahashi JC, Ikeda T, Iihara K, et al. A nationwide survey on the management of pregnancy and delivery in association with moyamoya disease] [J]. No Shinkei Geka J, 2009, 18: 367-375.
  1. 1. 　Komiyama M. Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive arteriopathy of the primitive carotid artery[J]. Intervent Neuroradiol, 2003, 9(1): 39-45.
  2. 2. 　Kudo T, Takayama R, Mikawakuchi K. Occlusion of internal carotid artery [J]. No To Shinkei, 1957, 9: 757.
  3. 3. 　Takeuchi K, Shimizu K. Hypogenesis of bilateral internal carotid arteries[J]. No To Shinkei,1957, 9: 37-43.
  4. 4. 　Suzuki J, Takaku A. Cerebrovascular“Moyamoya” disease:disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain[J]. Arch Neurol, 1969, 20(3): 288-299.
  5. 5. 　Baba T, Houkin K, Kuroda S. Novel epidemiological features of moyamoya disease[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 2008, 79(8): 900-904.
  6. 6. 　Takahashi C, Miyamoto S. Moyamoya disease: recent progress and outlook[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2010, 50(9): 824-832.
  7. 7. 　Uchino K,Johnston SC,Becker Kj,Tirschwell DL:Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California[J]. Neurology, 2005, 65(6): 956-958.
  8. 8. 　Hosoda Y. A pathological study of so-called “spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis” cerebrovascular moyamoya disease” [J]. Folia Angiol, 1976, 14: 85-86.
  9. 9. 　Takekawa Y, Umezawa T, Ueno Y, et al. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings of autopsy case of adult moyamoya disease[J]. Neuropathology, 2004, 24(3): 236-242.
  10. 10. 　David G, Weinberg M. Rudy J, et al. Moyamoya disease: a review of histopathology, biochemistry, and genetics[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2011, 30(6): 20.
  11. 11. 　Fukui M. Current state of study on moyamoya disease in Japan[J]. Surg Neurol, 1997, 47(2): 138-143.
  12. 12. 　Kuroda S, Houkin K. Moyamoya disease: current concepts and future perspectives[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7(11): 1056-1066.
  13. 13. 　Starke RM, Komotar RJ, Hickman ZL, et al. Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical article[J]. J Neurosurg, 2009, 111(5): 936-942.
  14. 14. 　Saeki N, Nakazaki S, Kubota M, et al. Hemorrhagic type moyamoya disease[J]. Clinical Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2): 196-201.
  15. 15. 　David G, Weinberg BS, Rudy J, et al. Moyamoya disease: functional and neurocognitive outcomes in the pediatric and adult populations[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2011, 30 (6): 21.
  16. 16. 　Fukui M. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (‘moyamoya’disease). Research Committee on Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis (Moyamoya Disease) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2)：238-240.
  17. 17. 　Hallemeier CL, Rich KM, Grubb RL Jr, et al. Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37: 1490-1496.
  18. 18. 　Patel NN, Mangano FT, Klimo P. Indirect revascularization techniques for treating moyamoya disease[J]. Neurosurg Clin North Am, 2010, 21(3)： 553-563.
  19. 19. 　Chiu D, Shedden P, Bratina P, et al. Clinical features of moyamoya disease in the United States[J]. Stroke, 1998, 29: 1347-1351.
  20. 20. 　Ueki K, Meyer FB, Mellinger JF. Moyamoya disease: the disorder and surgical treatment[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 1994, 69(8): 749-757.
  21. 21. 　Robert M. Starke BA, Ricardo J, et al. Optimal surgical treatment for moyamoya disease in adult: direct versus indirect bypass[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 26(4): 8.
  22. 22. 　Karasawa J, Kikuchi H, Furuse S, et al. A surgical treatment of “moyamoya” disease “encephalo-myosynangiosis” [J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 1977, 17: 29-37.
  23. 23. 　Matsushima Y, Fukai N, Tanaka K, et al. A new surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: a preliminary report[J]. Surg Neurol, 1981, 15(4): 313-320.
  24. 24. 　Scott RM, Smith JL, Robertson RL, et al. Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis[J]. J Neurosurg, 2004, 100（2）: 142-149.
  25. 25. 　Nakashima H, Meguro T, Kawada S, et al. Long-term results of surgically treated moyamoya disease[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 1997, 99 (Suppl 2): 153-158.
  26. 26. 　Gotoh S. Proceedings of the research committee on spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis[M]. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1983: 66-74.
  27. 27. 　Kobayashi E, Saeki N, Oishi H, et al. Long-term natural history of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease in 42 patients[J].J Neurosurg, 2000, 93: 976-980.
  28. 28. 　Houkin K, Kamiyama H, Abe H, et al. Surgical therapy for adult moyamoya disease. Can surgical revascularization prevent the recurrence of intracranial hemorrhage? [J]. Stroke, 1996, 27: 1342-1346.
  29. 29. 　Miyamoto S, Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial Group. Study design for a prospective randomized trial of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for adults with moyamoya disease and hemorrhagic onset-the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial Group[J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 2004, 44: 218-219.
  30. 30. 　Imaizumi T, Hayashi K, Saito K, et al. Long-term outcomes of pediatric moyamoya disease monitored to adulthood[J]. Pediatr Neurol, 1998, 18(4): 321-325.
  31. 31. 　Komiyama M, Yasui,T, Kitano S, et al. Moyamoya disease and pregnancy: case report and review of the literature[J]. Neurosurgery, 1998, 43(2): 360-368.
  32. 32. 　Takahashi JC, Ikeda T, Iihara K, et al. A nationwide survey on the management of pregnancy and delivery in association with moyamoya disease] [J]. No Shinkei Geka J, 2009, 18: 367-375.