目的 研究慢性呼吸道疾病并發(fā)社區(qū)獲得性下呼吸道細菌感染住院患者的病原菌分布。方法 回顧性分析2001年~2005年在北京大學第三醫(yī)院呼吸病房住院的212例社區(qū)獲得性下呼吸道細菌感染患者的臨床資料、痰培養(yǎng)及藥敏結果,患者均具有慢性呼吸道基礎疾病。結果 臨床分離病原菌229株,革蘭陰性桿菌為主。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者感染的病原菌中革蘭陰性桿菌占73.9%,銅綠假單胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌最常見,分別為18.2%和13.6%;革蘭陽性球菌占23.8%,其中金黃色葡萄球菌10.2%,肺炎鏈球菌9.1%。支氣管擴張癥患者感染時革蘭陰性桿菌占86.2%,前三位分別為銅綠假單胞菌(27.5%)、副流感嗜血桿菌(13.7%)和流感嗜血桿菌(11.8%)。Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)感染銅綠假單胞菌的危險因素為患有支氣管擴張癥(OR=5.590,95%CI 2.792~11.192);感染鮑曼不動桿菌的危險因素為1月內(nèi)使用制酸劑(OR=9.652,95%CI 2.792~11.192)和低蛋白血癥(OR=2.679,95%CI 1.108~6.476);感染腸桿菌科細菌(包括肺炎克雷伯菌、陰溝腸桿菌和大腸埃希菌)的危險因素為前1月內(nèi)使用抗菌藥物(OR=4.236,95%CI 1.982~9.057),以及患有腎臟疾病(OR=4.305,95%CI 1.090~17.008)和糖尿病(OR=2.836,95%CI 1.339~6.009)。結論 患有慢性呼吸道疾病患者并發(fā)社區(qū)獲得性下呼吸道感染時的病原菌以革蘭陰性桿菌為主,根據(jù)基礎疾病、病情嚴重程度和用藥史的不同而變化,對病原菌的正確判斷有助于制定合理的經(jīng)驗性抗感染方案。
引用本文: 周慶濤,姚婉貞,陳亞紅,沈?qū)?伍蕊,劉振英. 慢性呼吸道疾病并發(fā)社區(qū)獲得性下呼吸道感染住院患者的病原菌調(diào)查. 中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護雜志, 2007, 6(2): 82-87. doi: 復制
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- 1. 中華醫(yī)學會呼吸病學分會.社區(qū)獲得性肺炎診斷和治療指南(草案).中華結核和呼吸雜志,1999,22:201-203.
- 2. 劉又寧,趙鐵梅.下呼吸道感染病原體組成、耐藥現(xiàn)狀及對策.國外醫(yī)學呼吸系統(tǒng)分冊,2003,23:281-283.
- 3. 蘇欣,施毅,宋勇.社區(qū)獲得性肺炎病原體流行病學、耐藥性及診斷研究進展.中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護雜志,2005,4:321-326.
- 4. Angrill J,Agustí C,de Celis R,et al.Bacterial colonization in patients with bronchiectasis:microbiological pattern and risk factors.Thorax,2002,57:15-19.
- 5. Groenewegen KH,Wouters EF.Bacterial infections in patients requiring admission for an acute exacerbation of COPD;a 1-year prospective study.Respir Med,2003,97:770-777.
- 6. Papi A,Bellettato CM,Braccioni F,et al.Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2006,173:1114-1121.
- 7. Monso E,Garcia-Aymerich J,Soler N,et al.Bacterial infection in exacerbated COPD with changes in sputum characteristics.Epidemiol Infect,2003,131:799-804.
- 8. Leophonte P.Infections in chronic obstructive pulmonery disease.Bull Acad Natl Med,2004,188:47-64.
- 9. Lieberman D,Lieberman D.Pseudomonal infections in patients with COPD:epidemiology and management.Am J Respir Med,2003,2:459-468.
- 10. 郭光云,陳功,楊力,等.慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性發(fā)作期的細菌學分析.中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學雜志,2006,16:1213-1215.
- 11. 王永興,曹家月,郭梅,等.慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期呼吸道病原菌分布及耐藥性分析.第四軍醫(yī)大學學報,2004,25:1874-1876.
- 12. 王揚,夏麗萍,李艷玲,等.慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性發(fā)作期病原菌感染及耐藥性分析.中國實用內(nèi)科雜志,2004,24:692-693.
- 13. El Amari EB,Chamot E,Auckenthaler R,et al.Influence of previous exposure to antibiotic therapy on the susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremic isolates.Clin Infect Dis,2001,33:1859-1864.
- 14. Lynch JP 3rd.Hospital-acquired pneumonia:risk factors,microbiology,and treatment.Chest,2001,119:373S-384S.
- 15. Lee SO,Kim NJ,Choi SH,et al.Risk factors for acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii:a case-control study.Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2004,48:224-228.
- 16. 楊利榮,單斌,王雪娟,等.昆明地區(qū)革蘭陰性菌耐藥性連續(xù)5年監(jiān)測結果分析.中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護雜志,2005,4:298-302.